HIP Royal Commission submission (Part 5): Dramatic drop in deaths
The Royal Commission report into the so-called ‘botched pink batts rollout’ is due 31 August. According to Alan Austin, who
presented a sworn statement of evidence and followed the public
hearings closely, the inquiry has failed to examine several vital areas.
This is part five of Alan's submission (edited only slightly for format).
Spectacular improvement in safety during the HIP
Fortuitously, despite the lack of regulation prior to the onset of
the GFC, the rate of recorded adverse incidents fell dramatically during
the Home Insulation Program (HIP).
According to the CSIRO, the number of house fires per 100,000
installations declined substantially. There was almost certainly a
commensurate fall in the rate of injuries and deaths. This is not
provable, however, because of the lack of data prior to the GFC.
For the first eight months of the insulation program, there were
fires and some injuries, but no fatalities. This suggests that the
safety measures urgently developed in consultation with Minter Ellison
and others and implemented by DEEWR (the then federal workplace
relations department) were substantially sound.
By the end of the program in February 2010, only one fatality – that
of Marcus Wilson who died of heat exhaustion – had occurred where
regulations were complied with.
Improvement in fire safety during the HIP is shown in the detailed fire data here: CSIRO Risk Profile Analysis – Guidance for the Home Insulation Safety Program. [22]
Valuable further analysis of the CSIRO data by researcher Scott Steel has been published by Crikey on its psephological blog Pollytics, as follows:
On 24 February 2010: Did the insulation program actually reduce fire risk? [23]
On 19 October 2010: Insulation Fire Risk – The data is in [24]
And on 24 April 2011: The CSIRO gets HIP to debunking media hysteria [25]
Steel’s painstaking analysis shows transparently that the rate of
fires in homes insulated for less than 12 months before the HIP was
47.3 fires per 100,000 homes per year. This fell during the HIP to just
13.9 per 100,000 homes per year. [25]
Steel’s conclusions:
The Home Insulation Program reduced the short term fire rate by approximately 70% compared to what was happening before it.
The Home Insulation Program was over 3 times safer than the
industry it replaced in terms of the numbers of fire experienced within
12 months of getting insulation installed.
Steel also examined the CSIRO data to compare long term rates — the
rate of fires expected to occur from insulation stock older than 12
months.
The findings were similar:
So the long term rates for the post-12 month period is already
starting to average around the 0.66 fires per 100,000 houses installed
mark, compared to the 2.06 fires per 100,000 houses installed that we
see currently from the pre-HIP industry installations.
Ultimately, the HIP – as we’ve stated from the beginning,
regularly, using publically available data at the time – was much safer
in terms of fire rates than what preceded it. Now, however, we know that
it was safer over both the short term as well as the longer term. [25]
Unfortunately, there is no data available to compare the rates of
injuries and deaths in the insulation industry before the HIP with that
during.
It is known there were four fatalities in 2009-10. This is four
deaths per 1,108,151 installations, or a rate of 3.61 fatalities per
million installations.
The number of deaths prior to 2009 is unknown as data is not provided
separately for types of construction work. Fatalities among all
tradespeople and labourers are shown in Chart C:
Chart C: Tradesperson and
labourer deaths 2005 – 2009. From Safe Work Australia’s Work-Related
Traumatic Injury Fatalities, Australia 2009–10, Table 2, page 15. [26]
It is not known how many of these 417 fatalities in the four years prior to the HIP were working on home insulation.
Indeed, finding the precise number in any country seems impossible. The Royal Commission heard Mr W M Potts put a question to Mr Peter Ruz on 21 March, page 486, regarding:
“... a New Zealand program which had to be suspended because of three people electrocuting themselves.” [27]
The New Zealand Government’s Department of Labour website, however, states:
‘In the past five years there have been approximately four deaths
resulting from installing underfloor insulation in New Zealand.’ [28]
Frustratingly, that document has no date.
The NZ government’s Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment website states:
‘There have been five electrocutions involving under-floor
insulation foil in recent years. At the end of 2006, a New Zealand
Standard was published that covered the installation of insulation,
including under-floor foil.’ [29]
Again, no date. So has it been three, four or five deaths? Or more?
The data in Australia in even less reliable. There seems no verifiable data source anywhere.
The best case is, of course, none. That seems improbable. If the next
best case is assumed – just the one fatality in the preceding four
years – then that is one in 268,000 (67,000 installations annually x
four years, using Professor Tiffen’s volume estimate [8]).
That is a rate of 3.73 per million homes insulated, marginally higher
than the rate during the HIP. The real figure may well be much higher,
given the evidence from New Zealand and elsewhere.
Research for this statement has sought diligently to verify the
number, including with discussions with Dennis D’Arcy of ICANZ and
others, with frustrating lack of success.
It was not just in insulation, however, that safety improved dramatically in 2009-10, but right across the industrial landscape.
According to Worksafe Australia, page 10 [26]:
In 2009-10, 216 workers lost their lives due to injuries
sustained while working which is a substantial fall from the 289
recorded in 2008-09. Figure 3 shows this is the lowest number since the
series began in 2003–04. The highest number of 300 was recorded in
2006-07.
The large fall in the number of Worker fatalities is reflected in
a large fall in the fatality rate from 2.6 deaths per 100 000 workers
in 2008–09 to 1.9 in 2009–10. This is the lowest rate since the series
began.
Chart C, above, shows the decline in fatalities among tradespersons
and labourers. From an annual four-year average of 104 deaths prior to
the HIP, this dropped to just 69 in 2009-10.
Specifically regarding electrocutions, tables
from the National Coronial Information Service show the total number of
deaths over the three years of the Labor government from 2008 to 2010
averaged 13 per year. This includes three insulation workers killed
during the HIP. [30]
The average rate of electrocution deaths over the six years from 2001 to 2006 was 22.5.
So it appears that all the risk assessment and mitigation during the
HIP worked effectively in reducing electrical safety risks as well as
workplace danger across all construction work.
It is unlikely there has been another industry in Australia – or
elsewhere in the world – where there was such a huge rise in
construction activity with an accompanying drop in the rate of adverse
incidents as dramatic as that during the HIP.
You can follow Alan Austin on Twitter @AlanTheAmazing. Coming soon: Part six: Pink batts: What inefficiency and waste?
8. http://inside.org.au/a-mess-a-shambles-a-disaster/#sthash.Dgfr8rM1.dpuf
22. http://pbxmastragics.files.wordpress.com/2013/10/csiro-report-into-home-insulation-scheme-aka-pink-batts.pdf
23. http://blogs.crikey.com.au/pollytics/2010/02/24/did-the-insulation-program-actually-reduce-fire-risk/
24. http://blogs.crikey.com.au/pollytics/2010/10/19/insulation-fire-risk-%E2%80%93-the-data-is-in/
25. http://blogs.crikey.com.au/pollytics/2011/04/24/the-csiro-gets-hip-to-debunking-media-hysteria/
26. http://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/sites/swa/about/publications/pages/traumatic-injury-fatalities-2009-10
27.http://www.homeinsulationroyalcommission.gov.au/Hearings/Documents/Transcript21March2014.pdf
28. http://www.business.govt.nz/worksafe/information-guidance/all-guidance-items/hazard-alert-installing-underfloor-insulation/haz82-underfloor-insulation.pdf
29. http://www.dol.govt.nz/whss/snapshot07-08/page04.asp
30. http://www.ncis.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/NCIS-FACT-SHEET-Electrocution-related-deaths-final.pdf
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